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The Eliyahu Hanavi Synagogue was an ancient synagogue complex destroyed in May of 2014. Also known as the Jobar Synagogue it was situated in the village of Jobar now encompassed by the metropolitan area of the City of Damascus. It was once adjoined to a complex with rooms for the rabbi and other functionaries of the community. The synagogue was built atop a cave traditionally thought to have served the prophet Elijah in hiding. The hall center was said to be the place where Elijah anointed Elisa. During the Syrian civil war it was hit by mortar bombs, looted, and later 2/3 of the Synagogue were totally destroyed at the end of May 2014.〔http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-Ed-Contributors/Jobar-synagogue-359428 quote- "Over two-thirds of the synagogue has been destroyed... All that exists is part of a wing to the right of center and the antechamber to the Cave of Elijah, ostensibly an Early Christian catacomb in form, way below."〕 == History and traditions == The synagogue had a plaque stating it was from 720 b.c. and was frequently but incorrectly perceived to be a 2,000-year-old synagogue〔Cyril Glassé, Huston Smith. (The new encyclopedia of Islam ), Rowman Altamira, 2003. pg. 110. ISBN 0-7591-0190-6.〕 located in the suburb of Jobar, Damascus The earliest verifiable literary sources indicate that it is at least medieval in origin. It was built in commemoration of the biblical prophet Elijah, and has been a place of Jewish pilgrimage for many centuries.〔〔Josef W. Meri. (The cult of saints among Muslims and Jews in medieval Syria ), Oxford University Press, 2002. Pg. 33. ISBN 0-19-925078-2.〕 It also is the burial-place of a wonder-working sage of the sixteenth century.〔Norman De Mattos Bentwich. (A wanderer in the Promised land ), Soncino Press, 1932. pg. 234.〕 Often, though wrongly cited as one of the world's oldest synagogues, on March 31, 2013 it was reported to have been burned to the ground during the Syrian civil war, with both government and rebel forces trading blame over which party looted and destroyed the building.〔(Historic Damascus synagogue looted and destroyed )〕 However, In June 2013 al Aan broadcasting corporation published a video which demonstrated that the synagogue had not been destroyed. It had nonetheless suffered from the effects of mortar fire with damage to the ceiling and the Bimah.〔http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3zbYCZf-bwo&feature=youtu.be〕 In December 2013 photographs of the synagogue also surfaced that disproved the claim that it had been destroyed. On Jerusalem day May 29, 2014, a news.report in the Daily Beast published photographs to indicate that the synagogue left wing and nave, that is the majority of the structure, were totally demolished. There is no reason to associate the two events, Jerusalem Day and the destruction of Jobar, together. Again rebel and Syrian army claims have accused each other. The world media said it was probably the Syrian army, non-deliberately hitting the synagogue while targeting a nearby rebel enclave although there is evidence to the contrary such that rebels were also in the synagogue complex, contrary to 1954 Geneva Convention.〔(Assad forces destroy Syria's oldest synagogue ) (Jerusalem Post, May 29, 2014)〕 Pictures of the devastated synagogue were shown on The Daily Beast website.〔 ==Early traditions== According to tradition, the synagogue was built atop a cave where the prophet Elijah concealed himself during persecution.〔Malta Protestant College. (Journal of a deputation sent to the East by the committee of the Malta Protestant college, in 1849: containing an account of the present state of the Oriental nations, including their religion, learning, education, customs, and occupations, Volume 2 ), J. Nisbet and co., 1854. (University, December 20, 2005 ) pg. 483.〕 The synagogue was said to have been built by Elisha and repaired during the first century by Eleazar ben Arach.〔(Damascus ), ''Jewish Encyclopedia''.〕 Another tradition states that the biblical anointing by Elisha of King Hazael of Syria took place at the synagogue.〔 Though much cited as one of the earliest sources mentioning the existence of a synagogue at Jobar is from the Talmud, there is no incontrovertible evidence to support the reading which states that Rabbi Rafram bar Pappa prayed there.〔Bab.Ber.50a.〕 The challenge to this interpretation has also led to discord and controversy (although according to the anthropologist and researcher Dr. Adam Blitz, from the content and comparison with the traditional explanations it is clear that the town of Abi Gobar was in Babylonia and not near Damascus.〔http://blogs.timesofisrael.com/damascus-hide-and-seek-synagogues-and-sothebys/〕) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jobar Synagogue」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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